LIVE GOLD RATE CHART

WHAT IS ACCOUNTING/ITS ADVANTAGES/DEBIT CREDIT AND MUCH MORE

DEFINITION OF ACCOUNTING

“ Accounting is an art of recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing and interpretation of financial or economics information to permits judgement to various uses.”

In the above definition 

Recording means record the transaction.  Recording refers to Journal.

Classifying refers to Ledger.

Summarizing refers to Trial Balance.

Analyzing and interpretation refers to comparison of various items given in the Financial Statements.

Financial Statements refer to Income Statement and Balance Sheet.

JOURNAL

It is a book of original entry to record in order of date and indetail the various transactions of a trader.  It is also known as “ Day Book”.

LEDGER

It is the book, which contains classified record of all transactions, generally transfer from book original entry.  It is also known as book of second entry.

TRIAL BALANCE

A statement, which is prepared by taking out debit and credit balance of all, accounts appearing in the Ledger.

INCOME STATEMENT

A statement, which is prepared to determine the net result (Profit or Loss) of business, is called Income Statement.

BALANCE SHEET

A statement, which is prepared to show the financial position of the business at the end of trading period, is called Balance Sheet.

BASIC TERMINOLOGY

TRANSACTION

Any dealing, buying and selling between two persons and business enterpriser is called transaction.  There are two types of transaction.

• Cash Transaction

When cash is paid or received as a result of exchange, called cash transactions.

• Credit transaction

When the payment or receipt of cash is postponed for future date, called credit transaction.

BUSINESS

Any activity undertaken for the purpose of earning profit such as buying and selling of merchandise/goods called merchandise concern, rendering services called service concern.

MERCHANDISE / GOODS

Things bought by a firm for the purpose of reselling are called merchandise. For example, bookseller sells the books, a textile mill produces cloth, the books and cloths are merchandise.

PURCHASES

The cost of merchandise/goods bought is called purchases.  Purchases may be of two types.

• Cash Purchases

When the goods/merchandise are purchased for cash, it is called cash purchases.

• Credit Purchases

When the goods/merchandise are bought on credit it is called credit purchases.

PURCHASE RETURNS AND ALLOWANCE

If the goods are not according to sample, and return to supplier is known as purchase return, or if the purchaser informs the supplier about the defect and not according to sample and the supplier agreed to reduce the price of such goods are called as purchases allowances.

SALES

When the goods/merchandise are sold out, they are called sales.  Sales may be two types.

• Cash Sales

When merchandise/goods are sold at cash, it is called cash sales.

• Credit Sales

When merchandise/goods are sold at credit, it is called credit sales.

SALES RETURN AND ALLOWANCE

If the goods return back by purchaser to the seller. It is called sales returns, or if the seller gets the information about defect, damage supply etc and the seller agrees to allow some rebate in price of the merchandise it is called as sale allowance.

DISCOUNT

It is a deduction, reduction, grant or an allowance from the price of goods or any other asset purchased, sold or from the amount payable or receivable.  Discount may be two types.

1. Trade Discount. 2. Cash Discount.

TRADE DISCOUNT

This is an allowance or deduction made from the list price of a merchandise / asset at the time when it is being purchased or sold.

The trade discount, being the deduction from the original cost, is deducted from the list price of the asset / merchandise, before the cost is entered into the books.  No entry is passed for trade discount.

Trade Discount = list-price * % / 100

Example

500*10/100 = 50

500-50 = 450

450 amount will be recorded in the account.

CASH DISCOUNT

When a person pays his debt before date, the receiver of cash may allow him certain amount as concession for prompt payment.  This deduction is called as cash discount. This discount will in the form of percentage (e.g. 2%), or in the form of net amount (e.g. 200).

There is two type of cash discount.

1. Discount Allowed

2. Discount Received

DISCOUNT ALLOWED

When discount is granted / gave to other, it is called discount allowed. This knew as expense.

DISCOUNT RECEIVED

When discount is earned, it is called discount received. This knew as income.

NOTE

Discount in the form of: -

2 / 10 – n / 30

Where

2 means 2 percent discount

10 means, when payment in 10-days then 2 percent discount will gain.

N/30 means, payment will due in the 30- days. And no discount will gain.

POSTING

The classified information recorded in the form of debit and credit in journal are transferred into ledger account.  It is called ledger.

VOUCHER

Documentary evidence of business transaction is called voucher.  It can be cash memo, bill invoice, etc.

ASSETS

The things and properties possessed by the business are called assets, such as Cash, Account Receivable, Furniture, Supplies, Equipment, Building, Machinery etc.

OFFICE SUPPLIES

Office supplies means various articles bought for consumption in office like letterheads, envelops, pencils, carbon papers, typewriters ribbon, paper pins, etc. etc.

ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE

When we sell merchandise or any other asset with a promise to receive money at some future date, it is called as credit sale.  All the persons whom credit sale is made are collectively known as Debtors or Account Receivable.

NOTES RECEIVABLE

When we sell some goods or asset with promise notes to receive the money at future date called Notes Receivable.

MERCHANDISE INVENTORY

The merchandise, which are not used and remained unsold, is called merchandise inventory.

LIABILITIES

They are the debts due by a business to its proprietor and others are called liabilities. Or it is claim of the outsiders against the assets of business.

ACCOUNT PAYABLE

These are the claim of the outsiders for services or merchandise received or any other asset purchased on credit.  This is called Account Payable.

NOTES PAYABLE

When we purchase some goods, asset with promise notes to pay at future date called Notes Payable.

OWNER EQUITY

It is the capital invested by the owner of the business.  This is an important financial right of the owner in the assets of the business.  This right of the owner is called owner equity.

DRAWINGS

The Owner withdraws the cash or commodities for his personal use from business is known as drawings.

EXPENSES

To achieve the objective of business certain payments are created.  These payments are expenses of business.  For example, salary expense rent expense, wages expense, electricity charges, telephone bills etc.

REVENUES

All sorts of income receive or outstanding is called revenues.  These revenues may be earned from sales of merchandise or by rending services for the customers.

ACCOUNTING CYCLE

All the process of recording business transaction from Journal to Balance Sheet is known as accounting cycle.

The accounting cycle is as under

Transaction

Financial statements Journal

Income statement

& Balance Sheet

Trial Balance Ledger

BASIC ELEMENT OF ACCOUNTING

ASSETS

The things and properties possessed by the business are called assets, such as Cash, Account Receivable, Furniture, Supplies, Equipment, Building, Machinery etc.

Assets can be subdivided into following groups:

• Current Assets

Which are either cash or easily convertible into cash.  For example, cash in hand; cash at Bank, Account Receivable, Notes Receivable, Merchandise etc.

• Non-Current Assets

These are assets that are acquired with a view to hold them and earn income other than business income. For example, investments, shares of other companies, Government Securities etc.

• Fixed/Plant Assets

These assets are acquired to retain and use in business operation, e.g. land, Building, Machinery and Plant, Motor Vehicles, etc.

• Intangible Assets

These assets though not physically touchable but still valuable for business enterprise, e.g., goodwill etc.

LIABILITIES

They are the debts due by a business to its proprietor and others are called liabilities. Or it is the claims of the outsiders against the assets of the business. It may be of the following type: -

• Short Term Liabilities

The liabilities which are payable in near future date (with in one year) are called short-term liabilities.

E.g. A/C Payable, Notes Payable etc.

• Long Term Liabilities

These are the loans, which are raised for permanent finance of the business.  These are payable after number of years. E.g. bank loans etc.

OWNER EQUITY

It is the capital invested by the owner of the business.  This is an important financial right of the owner in the assets of the business.  This right of the owner is called owner equity.

EXPENSES

To achieve the objective of business certain payments are created.  These payments are expenses of business.  For example, salary expense rent expense, wages expense, electricity charges, telephone bills etc.

REVENUES

All sorts of income receive or outstanding is called revenues.  These revenues may be earned from sales of merchandise or by rending services for the customers.

ACCOUNTING AND BOOK-KEEPING

ACCOUNTING

Accounting is concerned with the design of the system of records, policy making, data analysis, preparation of report and interpretation.

BOOK-KEEPING

There is two system of bookkeeping.

“Single entry System”

It is an incomplete record of the business transaction.  There is no definite method and principles of this system.  The small traders use this system.

“Double entry System”

As there are two aspects in every transaction.  So if we record both the aspect of a transaction, it is called double entry system.

Advantages of double entry system

• This system provides complete record.

• This system provides up to date information.

• It is a complete record of all business transaction.

• The financial position of the business can be ascertained.

• This system provides an opportunity for analysis of the accounting record.

NATURE OF ACCOUNTING

Accounting plays an important role in our economics and social system.  It is concerned with the process of recording, sorting, classifying and summarizing data related to business transactions.  Accounting is also concerned with the preparation of reports analysis and interpretation of the recorded data.

OBJECTIVE OF ACCOUNTING

• The purpose of accounting to organize the financial details of a business.

• To identify the financial transaction.

• To organize the financial data into useful information.

• To measure the value of these information in term of money.

• To analyze, interpret and communicate the information to persons or groups both inside and outside the business.

FIELDS OF ACCOUNTING

Some special fields of accounting are as under: -

1. Financial Accounting 

It is concerned with general Accounting System.  In this field we record the business transaction and prepare various periodic reports from such records.  These reports provide useful information for owner, manger, creditor, government agencies and general public.

2. Cost Accounting

This field of accounting is concerned with the determination and controls the cost of production and distribution, i.e. the cost of manufacturing process and of manufactured products.

3. Management Accounting

This field of accounting mainly concerns with the selection of best among various alternations. It uses all the techniques of historical, estimate and actual data as device toward positive change.

4. Auditing

It is the examination of accounting record.  The purpose of examination is to check the fairness and accuracy, its reconciliation with prescribed policies and procedure.

ACCOUNT

It a device, which contains a systematic record of, increase or decrease in an item during a particular period.

CLASSIFICATION OF ACCOUNTS

Real accounts

These are the accounts of assets, liabilities and owner equity.  As these accounts have their existence even after the close of a year.  They are classed as real accounts.  Those are also called as balance sheet accounts as they are recorded in balance sheet prepared at the end of period.

Nominal accounts

These are the accounts of expenses and revenue.  At the end of accounting year.  These accounts are closed to expenses and income summary.  All the nominal accounts are either incomes or expenses.

USER / CONSUMER OF ACCOUNTING

Owner

The owner of the business wants to know the financial status of the business and income earned or suffered loss.

Managerial Personnel

The manager of the business needs the information for decision-making techniques.

Employees

These are also interested in the stability of the business.

Government Agencies

These are also keenly interested in incomes and other business activities.

Others

For example, customer and client, labor, unions, trade, association and journalists etc are also interested with the business world.

RULES FOR DEBIT AND CREDIT

The rules of debit and credit in relation to the kinds of accounts are started as under.

1. For Assets Accounts

Increase in assets is recorded as debit.

Decrease in assets is recorded as credit.

2. For Expenses Accounts

Increase in an expense is recorded as debit.

Decrease in an expense is recorded as credit.

3. For Liabilities Accounts

Increase in liabilities is recorded as credit.

Decrease in liabilities is recorded as debit.

4. For Revenue Accounts

Increase in revenues is recorded as credit.

Decrease in revenues is recorded as debit.

5. For Capital Accounts

Increase in capital is recorded as credit.

Decrease in capital is recorded as debit.

what is linux/ why its important/advantages of linux

What is Linux? 

Linux is a 32-bit operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus had an interest in Minix, a small UNIX system, and decided to develop a system that exceeded the Minix standards. He began his work in 1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked steadily until 1994 when version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel was released.

The kernel, at the heart of all Linux systems, is developed and released under the GNU General Public License and its source code is freely available to everyone.

Linux is a version of the UNIX operating system that has become very popular over the last several years

Linux (often pronounced LIH-Nuhks with a short "I") is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system.

Linux is a remarkably complete operating system, including a graphical user interface, an X Window System, TCP/IP, the Emacs editor, and other components usually found in a comprehensive Unix system.

Unlike Windows and other proprietary systems, Linux is publicly open and extendible by contributors. Because it conforms to the Portable Operating System Interface standard user and programming interfaces, developers can write programs that can be ported to other operating systems

Why Linux is so popular? 

Linux is as much a phenomenon as it is an operating system. To understand why Linux has become so popular, it is helpful to know a little bit about its history. The first version of UNIX was originally developed several decades ago and was used primarily as a research operating system in universities. High-powered desktop workstations from companies like Sun proliferated in the 1980s, and they were all based on UNIX. A number of companies entered the workstation field to compete against Sun: HP, IBM, Silicon Graphics, Apollo, etc. Unfortunately, each one had its own version of UNIX and this made the sale of software difficult. Windows NT was Microsoft's answer to this marketplace. NT provides the same sort of features as UNIX operating systems -- security, support for multiple CPUs, large-scale memory and disk management, etc. -- but it does it in a way that is compatible with most Windows applications. 

The entry of Microsoft into the high-end workstation arena created a strange dynamic. The proprietary operating systems owned by separate companies and the lack of a central authority in the UNIX world weaken UNIX, but many people have personal problems with Microsoft. Linux stepped into this odd landscape and captured a lot of attention. 

The Linux kernel, created by Linus Torvalds, was made available to the world for free. Torvalds then invited others to add to the kernel provided that they keep their contributions free. Thousands of programmers began working to enhance Linux, and the operating system grew rapidly. Because it is free and runs on PC platforms, it gained a sizeable audience among hard-core developers very quickly. Linux has a dedicated following and appeals to several different kinds of people: 

• People who already know UNIX and want to run it on PC-type hardware 

• People who want to experiment with operating system principles 

• People who need or want a great deal of control over their operating system 

• People who have personal problems with Microsoft 

In general, Linux is harder to manage than something like Windows, but offers more flexibility and configuration options.

Following are the advantages of Linux

1. Portability: Means to modify a program from one computer system so that it work with different system. About 90% of code in current version of Linux is written in c language and remainder in assembly language. Linux is there fore a potable operating system as it can be easily modified.

• Multitasking:

It is an operating system that can do more than one thing at a time. Linux allows user to run as many process as it can handle. User can run several commands in background while executing another in fore ground.

• Multi-user:

An operating system that can be used by more than one person at a time, sharing resources, file space, printer and soon Linux support from one to 2000 users at a time.

• Job control: It is ability to control which job is executed in fore ground, back ground or is suspended.

• File system: It has tree like structure. It start with one directories called root, symbolized by / , has multiples directories under it. Storage space for different user files are maintained by operating system. Files can be protected  by unauthorized users.

• Pipes: It is Linux file that take output of one process and provide it as input to next process. While executing and multiple Linux command pipes may be used between command to create what is referred to as pipe line command.

• Linux shell: User interaction with Linux is controlled by shell, a powerful command for interpreter. When user interact  with shell search for program, if found, executes it.

• Visual shell: These is menu-driven and provide command for file management, text processing and  electronic mail.

• Linux utilities: It include 100 utility program for function like sorting data, processing text and searching for information.  

• System Security

There is several level of security in Linux. The First level is system security the standard login procedure be force Linux start running on the system which stopped the illegal user to start the windows. 2nd level security is file system security. So every user uses its own set of files and third level security allow user to encrypt the data files on the disk.

• Linux Maturity

Linux is solid and time tested operating system that has been in use over 25 years. Software is free form bugs and has high level of reliability of its capability.

Linux  connection:

Hosts and Terminal:

As Linux is multi-user system, so there is one computer while is shared by all the user. This main computer is called host and does most of work. In order to use Linux system, you need to connect to the host computer. Each such connection is called a session. Linux may be supporting more than one session at same time. The device that you use to do your work is called terminal. A terminal consists of display and keyboard along with associated electronics. These terminals are connected to host by cables or over telephone lines.

Server and Client:

Most networks have one or more computer that share resources thought the network. Such nodes are called servers. A server provides a server to the network server can provide following types of servers.

File server: A server on network that provides file storage, e.g. sharing of files among different users with one hard disk.

Printer server: A Server on network that provides access to a printer. If more than one user want to print and printer is connected to server than all users printing is managed by server.

Communication Server: A server on network that provide access to modems.

Clients:

 When your computer makes use of shared resources, we speak of your computer as the client, for e.g. you are using Linux workstation that is connected to Linux network. Your computer has its own hard disk on which you store some of your files, for e.g. one of other computer on network, a file server, has very large hard disk on which you keep the rest of your files. When you use files on your own computer the network is not involved, but when you access files as another computer, you are sharing resources of network. At such times, your computer is client and other computer is server. If some one at another computer needs to use files on your computer than, from their point of view, their machine is client and yours is the server.

Architecture of Linux Operating System or Components

Linux has all the components like a typical operating system as under.

Kernel:-

The Kernel (Basically in raw binary form that is laded directly into memory at time of startup) is the central part of Linux Operating System.

The Linux Kernel includes device driver supports for a large number of PC Hardware devices (graphic cards, Network Cards, Hard Disk etc), advanced processor and memory management feature , and supports for many different types of file system including dos floppies and iso9660 standard for CD ROMs.

The Shell and GUIs:

The Shell Surrounds the Kernel and provides the Linux user interface. As Linux Supports two form of command input. Through textual command line shells like that Bourne shell and CSH the C shell. The second type of  interface is graphical interface (GUIs) such as KDE and GNOME windows Manager. 

Create and change boot screens for windows xp with booteditor

Create and change boot screens for windows xp with booteditor

The boot editor is a It's an editor for modify or creating boot screens in WinXP (Pro or Home edition)

The Boot Editor, he doesn't come with installer, then you will have to install  manually, choice a paste of your preference. After unzip, copy the files with extension ocx and dll for the directory c:\windows\system32 and run the command regsvr32 AxImage.ocx, create a shortcut for the booteditor in the desktop.

Before playing, make a backup of the file c:\windows\system32\ntoskrnl.exe. If something gives wrong, it is enough you to copy this file of turn to your original place.

1) executes the program clicking in BootEditor.exe.

2)Goin it Cribs new bootscreen (Ctrl + N), in the close it places the name for your boot screen, ready the program will carry the images standard of Windows. Click below in the image to visualize the main screen of the booteditor. Click in the image to enlarge.

3)Click in Load image to change the image of the main screen, choose an image of the file (the image pattern is of 640x480 and 16 colors), but the program accepts images in several formats, size and quality of different color. Remind of Dll and OCX, in the paste system32, is for color quality, the booteditor go to ask if it wants to correct that. Answer that yes.

The interesting is to set up an image publishing in some of images as the photoshop, and to save in the size of 640x480. Ready the main screen will change for chosen image.

4)Change for next image to be modified, (progress bar) as display the illustration below, #8 version Pro  #9 version Home of Windows xp,  the size of the bar of progress is of 22 x9 pixels and it has the format of three square, the advisable it is just to change the colors of that progress bar. To move the bar in the vertical it marks the option it Moves pr. bar, to encourage the bar click in anim in the status bar. it only works in the screen main #1. To move the bar in the screen it clicks and drag below or above.

To use boot maid's screen it has two way to do one it is with the own booteditor. Open the program it selects a boot screen and then click in test. Restart the personal computer to see if it worked.

Another way of her to do it is using another program the logonuibootrandomizer, that also allows to change logon screens besides boot screens. any hour I will post a tutorial on him.

Clicking in the menu bitmap show images effects dialog CTRL+F you will have some options to give some effects in your image. With the time it catches the practice.

 Download BOOTEDITOR

ISLAMIC WAY OF WEDDING

 Islamic Wedding 

Wedding of Fatimah (RadhiAllah Anha)

Fatimah (Radhiallaahu Ánha) is the youngest daughter of our beloved Prophet (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam). Out of all the children, he was the most beloved to him. He said, 'The Queen of the ladies in Jannat is Faatimah.' He also said, 'Faatimah is part of my body. Whoever grieves her, grieves me.'

When Faatimah (Radhiallaahu Ánha) reached the age of fifteen, proposals for her marriage began to come from high and responsible families. But the Prophet (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) remained irresponsive. Ali (Radhiallaahu Ánhu), who was 21 at the time, says: It occurred to me that I should go and make a formal proposal, but then I thought,

'How could this be accomplished, for I possess nothing.' 

At last, encouraged by the Prophet's kindness, I went to him and expressed my intention to marry Faatima (Radhiyallaahu Anha). The Prophet (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) was extremely pleased and asked, 'Áli! Do you possess anything to give her in Mahr?' I replied, 'Apart from a horse and an armour I possess nothing.'The Prophet (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) said, 'A soldier must, of course, have his horse. Go and sell away your armour.'

So, Áli (Radhiallaahu Ánhu) went and sold his armour to Uthmaan (Radhiallaahu Ánhu) for 480 Dirham and presented it to Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam). Bilaal (Radhiallaahu Ánhu) was ordered by the Prophet (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) to bring some perfume and a few other things and Anas (Radhiallaahu Ánhu) was sent to call Abu Bakr, Uthmaan, Talhah, Zubayr with some companions from the Ansaar (Radhiallaahu Ánhum).

When these men arrived and had taken their seats, the Prophet (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) recited the Khutbah (sermon) of Nikaah and gave Faatimah (Radhiallaahu Ánha) in marriage to Áli (Radhiallaahu Ánhu). He announced, 'Bear you all witness that I have given my daughter Faatimah in marriage to Áli for 400 Mithqaal of silver and Áli has accepted.' He then raised his head and made Duá saying, 'O Allah, create love and harmony between these two. Bless them and bestow upon them good children.' after the Nikaah, dates were distributed.

When the time came for Faatimah (Radhiallaahu Ánha) to go to Áli's (Radhiallaahu Ánhu) house, she was sent without any clamour, hue and cry accompanied Umm Ayman (Radhiallaahu Ánhu). After the Éesha Salaat, the Prophet (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) went to their house, took permission and entered. He asked for a basin of water, put his blessed hands into it and sprinkled it on both Áli (Radhiallaahu Ánhu) and Faatimah (Radhiallaahu Ánha) and made Duá for them.

The sovereign of both worlds gave his beloved daughter a silver bracelet, two Yemeni sheets, four mattresses, one blanket, one pillow, one cup, one hand-grinding mill, one bedstead, a small water skin and a leather pitcher.

In this simple fashion, the wedding of the daughter of the leader of the worlds was solemnised. In following this Sunnah method, a wedding becomes very simple and easy to fulfill.

SOME METHODS DERIVED FROM THE ABOVEMENTIONED MARRIAGE.

1.  The many customs as regards engagement are contrary to the Sunnah. In fact, many are against the Shariáh and are regarded sins. A verbal proposal and answer is sufficient. 

2.  To unnecessarily delay Nikah of both the boy and the girl after having reached the age of marriage is incorrect. 

3.  There is nothing wrong in inviting one's close associates for the occasion of Nikah. However, no special pains should be taken in gathering the people from far off places. 

4.  It is appropriate that the bridegroom be a few years older than the bride. 

5.  If the father of the girl is an Áalim or pious and capable of performing Nikah, then he should himself solemnise the marriage. 

6.  It is better to give the Mahr Faatimi and one should endeavour to do so. But if one does not have the means then there is nothing wrong in giving less. 

7.  It is totally un-Islamic for those, who do not possess the means, to incur debts in order to have grandiose weddings. 

8.  It is fallacy to think that one's respect will be lost if one does not hold an extravagant wedding and invite many people. What is our respect compared to that of Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam)? 

9.  The present day practice of the intermingling of sexes is an act of sin and totally against Shariáh. 

10.  There is nothing such as engagement parties and Medhi parties in Islam. 

11.  Great care must be taken as regards to Salaat on occasions of marriage by all - the bride, the bridegroom and all the participants. 

12.  It is un-Islamic to display the bride on stage. 

13.  The unnecessary expenses incurred by the bride's family in holding a feast has no basis in Shariáh. 

14.  For the engaged couple to meet at a public gathering where the boy holds the girl's hand and slips a ring on her finger is a violation of the Qurãnic law of Hijaab. 

15.  It is un-Islamic for the engaged couple to meet each other and also go out together. 

16.  Three things should be borne in mind when giving one's daughter gifts and presents at the time of Nikah:

·Presents should be given within one's means (it is not permissible to take loans, on interest for such presents);·To give necessary items;

· A show should not be made of whatever is given. 

 17.  It is Sunnat for the bridegroom's family to make Walimah.

Note: In Walimah, whatever is easily available should be fed to the people and care should be taken that the is no extravagance, show and that no debts are incurred in the process. 

18. To delay Nikah after the engagement is un-Islamic.

SOME CUSTOMS

In aping Western methods sheepishly, Muslims have adopted many customs which are un-Islamic and frowned upon.

Some examples are:

1.  Displaying the bride on stage; 

2.  Inviting guests for the wedding from far off places; 

3.  Receiving guests in the hall; 

4.  The bride's people incurring unnecessary expenses by holding a feast which has no basis in Shariáh. We should remember that Walimah is the feast arranged by the bridegroom after the marriage is consummated. 

5.  It is contrary to Sunnah (and the practice of some non-Muslim tribes in India) to wish, hope for or demand presents and gifts for the bridegroom, from the bride's people. We should always remember that our Nabi (Sallallaahu Álayhi Wasallam) did not give Áli (Radhiallaahu Ánhu) anything except Duá.